Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. It was originally created in by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the industry standard not only in raster graphics editing, but in digital art as a whole. The software's name is often colloquially used as a verb e.

In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics especially through clipping path for the latter , as well as 3D graphics and video. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins ; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features.

Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, in October following the introduction of Creative Suite branding , each new version of Photoshop was designated with " CS " plus a number; e.

With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June and in turn, the change of the " CS " suffix to " CC " , Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. As of November , Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad , and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad. Photoshop was developed in by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in Thomas Knoll, a Ph.

Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken. During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September Photoshop 1.

The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing. At the time Photoshop 1. The list price of Photoshop 1. Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft 's global reach expanded within the next few years.

Photoshop files have default file extension as. PSD , which stands for " P hoto s hop D ocument". This is in contrast to many other file formats e. JPG or. GIF that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30, pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes.

These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web. Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension. PSB, which stands for "Photoshop Big" also known as "large document format". The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints it is not close to a power of two, as is 30, but for ease of software testing.

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins or plug-ins. Adobe creates some plugins, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but third-party companies develop most plugins, according to Adobe's specifications. Some are free and some are commercial software. Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications. There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation.

The most popular plugins are the filter plugins also known as a 8bf plugins , available under the Filter menu in Photoshop. Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content. Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:. Adobe Camera Raw also known as ACR and Camera Raw is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resulting images can be processed by Photoshop.

Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a variety of tools with multiple image-editing functions appears to the left of the screen. These tools typically fall under the categories of drawing ; painting ; measuring and navigation ; selection ; typing ; and retouching.

These can be expanded to reveal similar tools. In some newer versions hovering along the tools gives a small Video glimpse of the tool. Photoshop includes a few versions of the pen tool. The pen tool creates precise paths that can be manipulated using anchor points. The free form pen tool allows the user to draw paths freehand, and with the magnetic pen tool, the drawn path attaches closely to outlines of objects in an image, which is useful for isolating them from a background.

The Clone Stamp tool duplicates one part of an image to another part of the same image by way of a brush. The duplication is either in full or in part depending on the mode. The user can also clone part of one layer to another layer.

The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. Photoshop provides an array of shape tools including rectangles, rounded rectangles, ellipses, polygons and lines. These shapes can be manipulated by the pen tool, direct selection tool etc. In addition, Photoshop provides its own shapes like animals, signs and plants. The eyedropper tool selects a color from an area of the image that is clicked, and samples it for future use. Selection tools are used to select all or any part of a picture to perform cut, copy, edit, or retouching operations.

The crop tool can be used to select a particular area of an image and discard the portions outside the chosen section. This tool assists in creating a focus point on an image and unnecessary or excess space. The crop tool is in the tools palette, which is located on the right side of the document. By placing the cursor over the image, the user can drag the cursor to the desired area. Once the Enter key is pressed, the area outside the rectangle will be cropped.

The area outside the rectangle is the discarded data, which allows for the file size to be decreased. The slice and slice select tools, like the crop tool, are used in isolating parts of images. The slice tool can be used to divide an image into different sections, and these separate parts can be used as pieces of a web page design once HTML and CSS are applied. The move tool can be used to drag the entirety of a single layer or more if they are selected.

Alternatively, once an area of an image is highlighted, the move tool can be used to manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas. The marquee is a tool that can make selections that are a single row, single column, rectangular and elliptical. This tool can also crop an image; it allows for better control. In contrast to the crop tool, the marquee tool allows for more adjustments to the selected area before cropping.

The only marquee tool that does not allow cropping is the elliptical. Although the single row and column marquee tools allow for cropping, they are not ideal, because they only crop a line. The rectangular marquee tool is the preferred option. Once the tool has been selected, dragging the tool across the desired area will select it. The selected area will be outlined by dotted lines, referred to as "marching ants". To set a specific size or ratio, the tool options bar provides these settings.

Before selecting an area, the desired size or ratio must be set by adjusting the width and height. Any changes such as color, filters, location, etc. To crop the selection, the user must go to the image tab and select crop. The lasso tool is similar to the marquee tool, however, the user can make a custom selection by drawing it freehand. The regular lasso tool allows the user to have drawing capabilities.

Photoshop will complete the selection once the mouse button is released. The user may also complete the selection by connecting the end point to the starting point.

The "marching ants" will indicate if a selection has been made. The polygonal lasso tool will draw only straight lines, which makes it an ideal choice for images with many straight lines. Unlike the regular lasso tool, the user must continually click around the image to outline the shape. To complete the selection, the user must connect the end point to the starting point just like the regular lasso tool. Magnetic lasso tool are considered the smart tool.

It can do the same as the other two, but it can also detect the edges of an image once the user selects a starting point. It detects by examining the color pixels as the cursor moves over the desired area. Closing the selection is the same as the other two, which should also should display the "marching ants" once the selection has been closed. The quick selection tool selects areas based on edges, similarly to the magnetic lasso tool.

The difference between this tool and the lasso tool is that there is no starting and ending point. For this reason, the selected area can be added onto as much as possible without starting over. By dragging the cursor over the desired area, the quick selection tool detects the edges of the image.

The "marching ants" allow the user to know what is currently being selected. Once the user is done, the selected area can be edited without affecting the rest of the image. One of the features that makes this tool especially user friendly is that the SHIFT key is not needed to add more to the selection; by default, extra mouse clicks will be added to the selection rather than creating a new selection.

The magic wand tool selects areas based on pixels of similar values.

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The eraser will convert the pixels to transparent, unless the background layer is selected. The size and style of the eraser can be selected in the options bar.

This tool is unique in that it can take the form of the paintbrush and pencil tools. In addition to the straight eraser tool, there are two more available options — background eraser and magic eraser.

The background eraser deletes any part of the image that is on the edge of an object. This tool is often used to extract objects from the background.

The magic eraser tool deletes based on similar colored pixels. It is very similar to the magic wand tool. This tool is ideal for deleting areas with the same color or tone that contrasts with the rest of the image. Using simple combinations of keys video layers can easily be modified, with other features such as adding text and creating animations using single images.

With the Extended version of Photoshop CS5, 2D elements of an artwork can easily become three-dimensional with the click of a button. Extrusions of texts, an available library of materials for three-dimensional, and even wrapping two-dimensional images around 3D geometry. Third-party plugins have also been added to the most recent version of Photoshop where technologies such as the iPad have integrated the software with different types of applications.

Applications like the Adobe Eazel painting app allows the user to easily create paintings with their fingertips and use an array of different paint from dry to wet in order to create rich color blending.

The program will feature cloud syncing with other devices and a simpler interface than the desktop version. The plug-in allows users to remove noise without the side-effect of over-sharpening, add grain, and even perform post-crop vignetting. From version Artists can add color, adjust the shape or rotate the angles of imported models, or design original 3D models from scratch. The Color Replacement Tool allows the user to change the color, while maintaining the highlights and shadows of the original image, of pieces of the image.

By selecting Brushes and right clicking, the Color Replacement Tool is the third option down. What is important to note with this tool is the foreground color.

The foreground color is what will be applied when painting along the chosen part of the image with the Color Replacement tool. Photoshop and derivatives such as Photoshopped or just Shopped have become verbs that are sometimes used to refer to images edited by Photoshop, [47] or any image manipulation program.

The same happens not only in English but as the Portuguese Wikipedia entry for image manipulation attests, even in that language, with the trademark being followed by the Portuguese verb termination -ar, yielding the word "photoshopar" to photoshop. Such derivatives are discouraged by Adobe [6] because, in order to maintain validity and protect the trademark from becoming generic , trademarks must be used as proper nouns.

Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers, from version 0. Adobe published 7 major and many minor versions before the October introduction of version 8. In February Adobe donated the source code of the 1. The first Photoshop CS was commercially released in October as the eighth major version of Photoshop. Photoshop CS increased user control with a reworked file browser augmenting search versatility, sorting and sharing capabilities and the Histogram Palette which monitors changes in the image as they are made to the document.

Match Color was also introduced in CS, which reads color data to achieve a uniform expression throughout a series of pictures. Photoshop CS2, released in May , expanded on its predecessor with a new set of tools and features.

It included an upgraded Spot Healing Brush, which is mainly used for handling common photographic problems such as blemishes, red-eye, noise, blurring and lens distortion. One of the most significant inclusions in CS2 was the implementation of Smart Objects, which allows users to scale and transform images and vector illustrations without losing image quality, as well as create linked duplicates of embedded graphics so that a single edit updates across multiple iterations.

Adobe responded to feedback from the professional media industry by implementing non-destructive editing as well as the producing and modifying of Bit High Dynamic Range HDR images, which are optimal for 3D rendering and advanced compositing. FireWire Previews could also be viewed on a monitor via a direct export feature. Image Warping makes it easy to digitally distort an image into a shape by choosing on-demand presets or by dragging control points.

The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe Bridge, which functioned as a hub for productivity, imagery and creativity, providing multi-view file browsing and smooth cross-product integration across Adobe Creative Suite 2 software.

Camera Raw version 3. Photoshop CS2 brought a streamlined interface, making it easier to access features for specific instances. In CS2 users were also given the ability to create their own custom presets, which was meant to save time and increase productivity. CS3 improves on features from previous versions of Photoshop and introduces new tools. One of the most significant is the streamlined interface which allows increased performance, speed, and efficiency.

There is also improved support for Camera RAW files which allow users to process images with higher speed and conversion quality. The Black and White adjustment option improves control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.

There is more control over print options and better management with Adobe Bridge. The Clone Source palette is introduced, adding more options to the clone stamp tool. Other features include the nondestructive Smart Filters, optimizing graphics for mobile devices, [53] Fill Light and Dust Busting tools. CS3 Extended includes everything in CS3 and additional features. There are tools for 3D graphic file formats, video enhancement and animation, and comprehensive image measurement and analysis tools with DICOM file support.

As for video editing, CS3 supports layers and video formatting so users can edit video files per frame. They were also made available through Adobe's online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. CS4 features smoother panning and zooming, allowing faster image editing at a high magnification.

The interface is more simplified with its tab-based interface [56] making it cleaner to work with. Photoshop CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing the conversion of gradient maps to 3D objects, adding depth to layers and text, and getting print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask panels; content-aware scaling seam carving ; [57] fluid canvas rotation and File display options.

Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which has the features of Adobe Photoshop CS4, plus capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, motion graphics, accurate image analysis and high-end film and video users. The faster 3D engine allows users to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes and animate 3D objects. Photoshop CS5 was launched on April 12, In May , Adobe Creative Suite 5.

Its version of Photoshop, The community also had a hand in the additions made to CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These include automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, color pickup, and saving a bit image as a JPEG.

Another feature includes the Adobe Mini Bridge, which allows for efficient file browsing and management. A new materials library was added, providing more options such as Chrome, Glass, and Cork. The new Shadow Catcher tool can be used to further enhance 3D objects. For motion graphics, the tools can be applied to over more than one frame in a video sequence. Photoshop CS6, released in May , added new creative design tools and provided a redesigned interface [65] with a focus on enhanced performance.

Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of tools for video editing. Color and exposure adjustments, as well as layers, are among a few things that are featured in this new editor.

Upon completion of editing, the user is presented with a handful of options of exporting into a few popular formats. CS6 brings the "straighten" tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line anywhere on an image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly.

This was created with the intention that users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane to more easily achieve certain perspectives.

CS6 allows background saving, which means that while another document is compiling and archiving itself, it is possible to simultaneously edit an image. CS6 also features a customizable auto-save feature, preventing any work from being lost.

With version Adobe also announced that CS6 will be the last suite sold with perpetual licenses in favor of the new Creative Cloud subscriptions, though they will continue to provide OS compatibility support as well as bug fixes and security updates as necessary. Starting January 9, , CS6 is no longer available for purchase, making a Creative Cloud license the only purchase option going forward.

Photoshop CC As the next major version after CS6, it is only available as part of a Creative Cloud subscription. Major features in this version include new Smart Sharpen, Intelligent Upsampling, and Camera Shake Reduction for reducing blur caused by camera shake.

Since the initial launch, Adobe has released two additional feature-bearing updates. The first, version The major features in this version were Adobe Generator, a Node. Photoshop Version CC features improvements to content-aware tools, two new blur tools spin blur and path blur and a new focus mask feature that enables the user to select parts of an image based on whether they are in focus or not.

Other minor improvements have been made, including speed increases for certain tasks. Photoshop CC was released on June 15, Adobe added various creative features including Adobe Stock, which is a library of custom stock images. It also includes and have the ability to have more than one layer style. However, there are also illegal keygens that simply breach the copyright. These are commonly made by hackers.

The versions of Photoshop keygens you can get on the illegal website can harm your computer if you decide to download it. After all, it is a special program that was created to hack software. Downloading and running a keygen on your computer may bring with it a lot of problems. More than a third of all hacked software that you download comes with unpleasant surprises in the form of various malware, which may include Trojans, ransomware, adware, and other viruses.

When you download a keygen, the chances of it having some sort of malware on board are quite high, which means your PC and all the data on it are at great risk. When your data is threatened in this way, there are all sorts of unpleasant consequences you may face. Your device can be controlled, hackers can get access to your web camera or sensitive information, like passwords. If you get Photoshop Keygen, you are very likely to have problems connected with the program crashing unexpectedly.

When you use a crack serial number, you will eventually experience malfunctioning. This is due to the fact that companies usually check the registration data of their software and can easily identify if your serial number is illegal.

So, your program may stop working at any time. If an original product is good, the chances of someone trying to copy it are very high. A lot of time, money, and effort goes into the process of developing software, so naturally, companies want to protect themselves from piracy. Let me give you an example. However, it was soon discovered that they installed 2, copies additionally. Updates are released regularly to help the program work better and make your overall experience more positive.

The bugs are fixed and new features are usually added. Top reviews from the United States. There was a problem filtering reviews right now.

Please try again later. I have enjoyed Adobe Photoshop Elements 14 for years. I bowed to their corporate greed and re-purchased the product because I use it all the time. I have deleted and reinstalled but still no good. I have completely deleted and will purchase from the store.

A photo does go through my computer without a touch up. Great stuff. One person found this helpful. I bought this as a christmas gift for a streamer friend, I'm so glad he uses it all the time, he's sooo happy with it, he designed my whole stream layout and revamped his This does everything I need without a subscription.

A good updated program! Second edit: I still have no idea how to get my money back from this product. Adobe tells me that I have to get with Amazon, but Amazon does not appear to respond to me getting my money back. The program is greatly oversold on the Amazon website.

This is one of the few times I've ever gotten an Amazon product that is so annoying and badly done. I wish that someone would would contact me directly from Amazon so I can negate the ridiculous price for this thing.

There is no technical support that I can find. This is not easy to learn any more than the real Photoshop is. Adobe has their website and this program appears set up to make it look like there is a ton of help, but it is more about selling added programs. Adobe has done a nice job of creating the fantasy that all of it is easy-peezy, which it is not. I say this having had the subscription for Photoshop and Lightroom for years.

My experience has been near identical to some of the less than complimentary comments on Amazon about this product. Adobe has appeared to bundle this program so the Amazon customer will require other parts of it. In so many ways Adobe is for creative pros and those with tons of time on their hands. I just wanted something simple. This is just another click bait kind of program with the illusion of help. My ownership has been less than 24 hours. If you are a big graphics sort of person then you will want the real Photoshop and the money to afford it.

Do not feel sorry for Adobe. They are doing very well among the professional crowd. When Photoshop was young I used it all of the time and it was fairly intuitive. Then they started to add to it, add to it. It has turned into a programmers dream of brain surgery. Got sick of the minutiae and the constant need to figure out how to frame a picture. This program is cursed with the same unfriendly issues. Adobe has relied a great deal on YouTube movies in order to avoid high tutorial costs. Then you find out that your version of Elements does not match the one in the video.

I also read that if you upgrade to Windows 11 this program will not work. If you want to make passport photos with this program I'm pretty sure you can't even do that. As I said, do not feel sorry for Adobe. In , veteran Photoshop developer Mark Hamburg began a new project, code-named Shadowland a reference to the KD Lang music album of same name [15]. Hamburg contacted Andrei Herasimchuk, former interface designer for the Adobe Creative Suite, to start the project.

Forty percent of Photoshop Lightroom is written in the scripting language Lua. In , Hamburg left the Photoshop project and in fall of the same year he sent a first experimental software sample, name PixelToy , to his former teammate Jeff Schewe for review; in , Hamburg presented Schewe a first version of Shadowland in a very early UI version. However, Herasimchuk chose to leave Adobe Systems at that time to start a Silicon Valley design company. Hamburg then chose Phil Clevenger, a former associate of Kai Krause , to design a new look for the application.

Photoshop Lightroom's developers work mostly in Minnesota, comprising the team that had already created the program Adobe ImageReady. Troy Gaul, Melissa Gaul, and the rest of their crew reportedly known as the "Minnesota Phats" [17] , with Hamburg, developed the architecture behind the application. George Jardine was the product manager. On January 9, , an early version of Photoshop Lightroom, formerly named only Lightroom, was released to the public as a Macintosh -only public beta , on the Adobe Labs website.

This was the first Adobe product released to the general public for feedback during its development. This method was later used in developing Adobe Photoshop CS3. On June 26, , Adobe announced that it had acquired the technology of Pixmantec, developers of the Rawshooter image processing software. Further beta releases followed. Notable releases included Beta 3 on July 18, , which added support for Microsoft Windows systems.

On September 25, , Beta 4 was released, which saw the program merged into the Photoshop product range, followed by a minor update on October 19, which was released as Beta 4. Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2. New features included:. The official release of Lightroom v2 was on July 29, , along with the release of Adobe Camera Raw v4. Adobe Camera Raw allows importing the proprietary raw data images of various camera manufacturers. This technology allows custom camera color profiles, or looks, to be created and saved by users.